Tropical Animals

Marsono Marsono

Bird diversity plays a key role in maintaining ecosystem stability, yet habitat modification and land use pressure continue to threaten avian communities, even within protected areas. This study assessed bird species diversity, abundance, evenness, and dominance at the Tretes Waterfall Resort, part of the Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park in East Java, Indonesia. Field observations were conducted at two sampling stations using the point count method from 06:00–09:00 WIB over a two day period (February 1–2, 2020), totaling 6 hours of observation effort per station. In total, 29 bird species representing 8 orders and 16 families were recorded. Shannon–Wiener diversity values were 2.77 at Station 1 and 2.75 at Station 2, indicating moderate species diversity. Evenness indices (0.898 and 0.891) suggested balanced species distributions, while low dominance values (0.079 and 0.083) indicated the absence of a single dominant taxon. Several conservation priority species were detected, including protected and endemic taxa such as Heleia javanica, Psilopogon javensis, and Harpactes oreskios. Although the short sampling duration limits broader ecological generalization, findings indicate that the resort’s heterogeneous forest edge mosaic supports relatively stable bird communities. These results reinforce the ecological value of upland forest habitats and highlight the need for ongoing habitat preservation.